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For a connection to succeed, the client application must specify the location of the database. On the database side, the Oracle Net listener, known simply as the listener, is the process that listens for incoming client connection requests. You configure the listener in the listener.ora file, where you provide the database address. The listener.ora file also defines the protocol the listener is listening on, and related information. On the client side, you can either use the tnsnames.ora file to list the database server connection details, which include the database name, server name, and the connection protocol, or you can use the newer and much simpler easy connect method in Oracle Database 10g.

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To distinguish the definition of CTS types from native type definitions, a set of new keywords has been introduced. These new keywords include white spaces, which avoids conflicts with

Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)

Next we determine the number of days that have passed since 1/1/1970. Passwordaging information in the /etc/shadow file is held in the third field of each account entry. This field contains an integer that expresses the date on which the password was last changed as a number of days since 1/1/1970. Subtracting this number from the current number of days elapsed since that date gives us the age of the password.

Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) is Oracle s GUI-based management tool that lets you manage one or more databases efficiently OEM enables security management, backups, and routine user and object management Because OEM is GUI-based, you don t have to know a lot of SQL to use the tool However, understanding the V$ and dynamic performance views will enhance your knowledge of how the database works OEM will be an even more powerful tool in your hands after you master the management of the database using the data dictionary based and dynamic performance table based SQL queries Oracle has really improved OEM in its most recent versions, and all serious practitioners of the trade should master the use of the tool for both daily database management as well as scheduling routine database administration tasks and troubleshooting 19 explains the configuration and use of the OEM tool set.

In Oracle Database 10g, you have the option of using either the Database Control or Grid Control version of Enterprise Manager Enterprise Manager Database Control is automatically installed along with the Oracle software and is designed to run as a stand-alone application In order to manage several databases, however, you need to separately install the Enterprise Manager Grid Control software on your server and the OEM Agent software on all the targets you wish to monitor The Oracle Enterprise Manager tool always looked promising in previous versions, but it delivered inconsistent performance This hard reality, plus the fact that many DBAs are comfortable with manual commands and scripts based on the database dictionary and the dynamic (V$) views, led to a low acceptance rate of the tool In Oracle Database 10g, the OEM tool has gone through a sea change and delivers high-level performance.

I strongly recommend using the Database Control or the Grid Control tool to monitor and manage your databases You can invoke all the new management advisors and tools, like the ADDM from the OEM toolset, without having to use complex Oracle PL/SQL packages I show OEM examples throughout this book..

Traditionally, all GUI tools relied on the same V$ performance views that are used in database queries. In Oracle Database 10g Release 2, however, OEM can access key performance data directly from the SGA, without making any SQL queries. This is done by attaching directly to the SGA and reading the statistics from the shared memory. When your database is performing extremely slowly or hangs, you can t rely on the dynamic V$ views to troubleshoot the problem doing so may actually end up making matters worse! This is one more reason why you should make the OEM your main means of monitoring and managing the Oracle instance.

seconds_since_epoch=$((`date +%s`)) seconds_per_day=86400 days_since_epoch=$(($seconds_since_epoch/$seconds_per_day))